一、Classification by Excitation Method:
Permanent magnet DC motor: The main magnetic field is provided by permanent magnets, featuring a simple structure, compact size, and high efficiency, but with relatively lower starting torque. It is suitable for applications with low power and cost sensitivity, such as toys, small household appliances, and power tools.
Separately excited DC motor: The field winding and armature winding are powered by two independent power supplies, offering a wide speed regulation range and excellent control performance. Suitable for applications requiring broad speed range or precise control, such as large machine tools and steel rolling mills.
Shunt-wound DC motor: The field winding and the armature winding are connected in parallel. The excitation current is almost unaffected by load variations, featuring a rigid mechanical characteristic and moderate starting torque. Suitable for applications requiring stable speed.
Series-wound DC motor: The field winding is connected in series with the armature winding, providing very high starting and overload torque, but the speed becomes extremely high under no-load or light-load conditions, posing a risk of runaway. It is suitable for applications such as electric locomotives and lifting equipment that require high starting torque.
Compound DC motor: It features two excitation windings, one connected in series and the other in parallel, mounted on the stator, combining the stability of shunt excitation with the high starting torque characteristics of series excitation. Typically, a differential compound configuration is used, with performance falling between that of shunt and series excitation.
二、Classified by structural characteristics:
Brushed DC motor: The most traditional and common structure, which achieves commutation through mechanical commutators and electric brushes. Suitable for general use.
Brushless DC motor: Essentially, it is a type of permanent magnet synchronous motor that uses an electronic commutator to achieve commutation. It has no mechanical commutation sparks, low noise, long lifespan, high efficiency, and a wide speed range. However, the control system is complex and the cost is relatively high. Suitable for occasions with high requirements for noise and lifespan.
Classified by purpose:
DC generator: converts mechanical energy into DC electrical energy, and its working principle is the reverse process of the electric motor.
Special DC motors, such as servo motors (used for precise position/speed/torque control), stepper motors (open-loop control, precise angle positioning), torque motors, etc., have their own unique design and control requirements.
The above categories and applications cover the main types and applicable scenarios of DC motors. We, Taizhou Maotai Electromechanical Co., Ltd., are a professional motor manufacturer that produces DC and AC motors. I hope this information can help you better understand and choose the motor that suits your needs.
Post time: Jul-03-2026